A strong understanding of sequences and series is essential for success in calculus and beyond. In this course, students build on their knowledge of sequences to include arithmetic series, finite geometric series, and the binomial theorem. They will become fluent in solving various problems relating to these series and apply their knowledge to model situations in context.
Strong knowledge of inequalities and their solutions is another crucial component when studying college-level mathematics. In this course, students build on existing knowledge of functions to solve various types of inequalities, including quadratic, polynomial, rational, and two-variable nonlinear inequalities.
In this course, students further develop the knowledge gained in Algebra II to carry out deep explorations of trigonometric functions. They will learn to derive and apply trigonometric identities, solve trigonometric equations, and explore inverse trigonometric functions.
At this level, students experience their first taste of alternatives to the Cartesian coordinate system, exploring the basics of parametric and polar coordinates. They will learn how to convert to and from Cartesian coordinates and plot simple curves in these coordinate systems.
Students explore advanced mathematical objects such as vectors and matrices at this level. Students will master vector addition, scalar multiplication and learn about different types of vector products. They will learn to apply various operations to matrices and explore determinants. In addition, they will use these ideas to solve geometric problems involving length, angle, area, and volume. Students will also gain a concrete understanding of linear transformations in the plane and relate these operations to their current knowledge of transformations.
Students take their knowledge of complex numbers to new depths by exploring De Moivre’s theorem, Euler’s theorem, and the fundamental theorem of algebra. They will also explore how operations on complex numbers can be interpreted as transformations of vectors in the complex plane.
Students complete their understanding of the four conic sections to include ellipses and hyperbolas. In addition, students achieve mastery of rational functions, including sketching their graphs and describing properties.
Finally, students will explore advanced concepts in probability, statistics, and combinatorics. This includes conditional probability, discrete random variables, the normal distribution, correlation, and regression.
| 1.1.1. | Sigma Notation | |
| 1.1.2. | Properties of Finite Series | |
| 1.1.3. | Expressing an Arithmetic Series in Sigma Notation | |
| 1.1.4. | Finding the Sum of an Arithmetic Series | |
| 1.1.5. | Finding the First Term of an Arithmetic Series | |
| 1.1.6. | Calculating the Number of Terms in an Arithmetic Series | |
| 1.1.7. | Modeling With Arithmetic Series |
| 1.2.1. | The Sum of a Finite Geometric Series | |
| 1.2.2. | The Sum of the First N Terms of a Geometric Series | |
| 1.2.3. | Writing Geometric Series in Sigma Notation | |
| 1.2.4. | Finding the Sum of a Geometric Series Given in Sigma Notation | |
| 1.2.5. | Solving Geometric Series Problems Using Exponential Equations and Inequalities | |
| 1.2.6. | Modeling With Geometric Series | |
| 1.2.7. | Modeling Financial Problems Using Geometric Series |
| 1.3.1. | Pascal's Triangle and the Binomial Coefficients | |
| 1.3.2. | Expanding a Binomial Using Binomial Coefficients | |
| 1.3.3. | The Special Case of the Binomial Theorem | |
| 1.3.4. | Approximating Values Using the Binomial Theorem |
| 2.4.1. | Closure Properties of Polynomials | |
| 2.4.2. | Closure Properties of Rational Expressions | |
| 2.4.3. | Rational Equations With Three Terms | |
| 2.4.4. | Advanced Rational Equations | |
| 2.4.5. | Further Advanced Rational Equations |
| 2.5.1. | Roots of Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.2. | Vertical Asymptotes of Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.3. | Locating Holes in Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.4. | Horizontal Asymptotes of Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.5. | End Behavior of Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.6. | Infinite Limits of Rational Functions | |
| 2.5.7. | Infinite Limits of Rational Functions: Advanced Cases | |
| 2.5.8. | The Domain and Range of a Rational Function | |
| 2.5.9. | Identifying a Rational Function From a Graph | |
| 2.5.10. | Identifying a Rational Function From a Graph Containing Holes | |
| 2.5.11. | Identifying the Graph of a Rational Function |
| 3.6.1. | Solving Elementary Quadratic Inequalities | |
| 3.6.2. | Solving Quadratic Inequalities From Graphs | |
| 3.6.3. | Solving Quadratic Inequalities Using the Graphical Method | |
| 3.6.4. | Solving Quadratic Inequalities Using the Sign Table Method | |
| 3.6.5. | Solving Discriminant Problems Using Quadratic Inequalities |
| 3.7.1. | Inequalities Involving Powers of Binomials | |
| 3.7.2. | Solving Polynomial Inequalities Using a Graphical Method | |
| 3.7.3. | Solving Polynomial Inequalities Using Special Factoring Techniques and the Graphical Method | |
| 3.7.4. | Solving Polynomial Inequalities Using the Sign Table Method |
| 3.8.1. | Solving Rational Inequalities | |
| 3.8.2. | Further Solving of Rational Inequalities |
| 3.9.1. | Solving Radical Inequalities | |
| 3.9.2. | Solving Inequalities Involving Exponential Functions | |
| 3.9.3. | Solving Inequalities Involving Logarithmic Functions | |
| 3.9.4. | Solving Inequalities Involving Exponential Functions and Polynomials | |
| 3.9.5. | Solving Inequalities Involving Positive and Negative Factors | |
| 3.9.6. | Solving Two-Variable Nonlinear Inequalities | |
| 3.9.7. | Further Solving of Two-Variable Nonlinear Inequalities |
| 4.10.1. | Graphing the Inverse Sine Function | |
| 4.10.2. | Graphing the Inverse Cosine Function | |
| 4.10.3. | Graphing the Inverse Tangent Function | |
| 4.10.4. | Evaluating Expressions Containing Inverse Trigonometric Functions | |
| 4.10.5. | Further Evaluating Expressions Containing Inverse Trigonometric Functions |
| 4.11.1. | Simplifying Expressions Using Basic Trigonometric Identities | |
| 4.11.2. | Simplifying Expressions Using the Pythagorean Identity | |
| 4.11.3. | Alternate Forms of the Pythagorean Identity | |
| 4.11.4. | Simplifying Expressions Using the Secant-Tangent Identity | |
| 4.11.5. | Alternate Forms of the Secant-Tangent Identity | |
| 4.11.6. | Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions Using the Cotangent-Cosecant Identity | |
| 4.11.7. | Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions Using Cofunction Identities |
| 4.12.1. | The Sum and Difference Formulas for Sine | |
| 4.12.2. | The Sum and Difference Formulas for Cosine | |
| 4.12.3. | The Sum and Difference Formulas for Tangent | |
| 4.12.4. | Calculating Trigonometric Ratios Using the Sum Formula for Sine | |
| 4.12.5. | Calculating Trigonometric Ratios Using the Sum Formula for Cosine | |
| 4.12.6. | Calculating Trigonometric Ratios Using the Sum Formula for Tangent | |
| 4.12.7. | Writing Sums of Trigonometric Functions in Amplitude-Phase Form |
| 4.13.1. | The Double-Angle Formula for Sine | |
| 4.13.2. | Verifying Trigonometric Identities Using the Double-Angle Formula for Sine | |
| 4.13.3. | Using the Double-Angle Formula for Sine With the Pythagorean Theorem | |
| 4.13.4. | The Double-Angle Formula for Cosine | |
| 4.13.5. | Verifying Trigonometric Identities Using the Double-Angle Formulas for Cosine | |
| 4.13.6. | Finding Exact Values of Trigonometric Expressions Using the Double-Angle Formulas for Cosine | |
| 4.13.7. | Simplifying Expressions Using the Double-Angle Formula for Tangent | |
| 4.13.8. | Verifying Trigonometric Identities Using the Double-Angle Formula for Tangent |
| 4.14.1. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Sine | |
| 4.14.2. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Cosine | |
| 4.14.3. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Tangent | |
| 4.14.4. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Secant | |
| 4.14.5. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Cosecant | |
| 4.14.6. | Elementary Trigonometric Equations Containing Cotangent | |
| 4.14.7. | General Solutions of Elementary Trigonometric Equations |
| 4.15.1. | General Solutions of Trigonometric Equations With Transformed Functions | |
| 4.15.2. | Trigonometric Equations Containing Transformed Sine Functions | |
| 4.15.3. | Trigonometric Equations Containing Transformed Cosine Functions | |
| 4.15.4. | Trigonometric Equations Containing Transformed Tangent Functions |
| 4.16.1. | Solving Trigonometric Equations Using the Sin-Cos-Tan Identity | |
| 4.16.2. | Solving Trigonometric Equations Using the Zero-Product Property | |
| 4.16.3. | Quadratic Trigonometric Equations Containing Sine or Cosine | |
| 4.16.4. | Quadratic Trigonometric Equations Containing Tangent or Cotangent |
| 5.17.1. | Introduction to Vectors | |
| 5.17.2. | The Triangle Law for the Addition of Two Vectors | |
| 5.17.3. | Calculating the Magnitude of a Vector From Given Information | |
| 5.17.4. | Problem Solving Using Vector Diagrams | |
| 5.17.5. | Parallel Vectors | |
| 5.17.6. | Unit Vectors | |
| 5.17.7. | Linear Combinations of Vectors and Their Properties | |
| 5.17.8. | Describing the Position Vector of a Point Using Known Vectors |
| 5.18.1. | Two-Dimensional Vectors Expressed in Component Form | |
| 5.18.2. | Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Cartesian Vectors in 2D | |
| 5.18.3. | Calculating the Magnitude of Cartesian Vectors in 2D | |
| 5.18.4. | Calculating the Direction of Cartesian Vectors in 2D | |
| 5.18.5. | Calculating the Components of Cartesian Vectors in 2D | |
| 5.18.6. | Velocity and Acceleration for Plane Motion | |
| 5.18.7. | Calculating Displacement for Plane Motion |
| 5.19.1. | Three-Dimensional Vectors in Component Form | |
| 5.19.2. | Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Cartesian Vectors in 3D | |
| 5.19.3. | Calculating the Magnitude of Cartesian Vectors in 3D |
| 5.20.1. | Calculating the Dot Product Using Angle and Magnitude | |
| 5.20.2. | Calculating the Dot Product Using Components | |
| 5.20.3. | The Angle Between Two Vectors | |
| 5.20.4. | Calculating a Scalar Projection | |
| 5.20.5. | Calculating a Vector Projection |
| 5.21.1. | The Cross Product of Two Vectors | |
| 5.21.2. | Properties of the Cross Product | |
| 5.21.3. | Calculating the Cross Product Using Determinants | |
| 5.21.4. | Finding Areas Using the Cross Product | |
| 5.21.5. | The Scalar Triple Product | |
| 5.21.6. | Volumes of Parallelepipeds | |
| 5.21.7. | Finding Volumes of Tetrahedrons and Pyramids Using Vector Products |
| 6.22.1. | Introduction to Matrices | |
| 6.22.2. | Index Notation for Matrices | |
| 6.22.3. | Adding and Subtracting Matrices | |
| 6.22.4. | Properties of Matrix Addition | |
| 6.22.5. | Scalar Multiplication of Matrices | |
| 6.22.6. | Zero, Square, Diagonal and Identity Matrices | |
| 6.22.7. | The Transpose of a Matrix |
| 6.23.1. | Multiplying a Matrix by a Column Vector | |
| 6.23.2. | Multiplying Square Matrices | |
| 6.23.3. | Conformability for Matrix Multiplication | |
| 6.23.4. | Multiplying Matrices | |
| 6.23.5. | Powers of Matrices | |
| 6.23.6. | Multiplying a Matrix by the Identity Matrix | |
| 6.23.7. | Properties of Matrix Multiplication | |
| 6.23.8. | Representing 2x2 Systems of Equations Using a Matrix Product | |
| 6.23.9. | Representing 3x3 Systems of Equations Using a Matrix Product |
| 6.24.1. | The Determinant of a 2x2 Matrix | |
| 6.24.2. | The Geometric Interpretation of the 2x2 Determinant | |
| 6.24.3. | The Minors of a 3x3 Matrix | |
| 6.24.4. | The Determinant of a 3x3 Matrix |
| 6.25.1. | Introduction to the Inverse of a Matrix | |
| 6.25.2. | Inverses of 2x2 Matrices | |
| 6.25.3. | Calculating the Inverse of a 3x3 Matrix Using the Cofactor Method | |
| 6.25.4. | Solving 2x2 Systems of Equations Using Inverse Matrices | |
| 6.25.5. | Solving 3x3 Systems of Equations Using Inverse Matrices |
| 6.26.1. | Introduction to Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.2. | The Standard Matrix of a Linear Transformation | |
| 6.26.3. | Linear Transformations of Points and Lines in the Plane | |
| 6.26.4. | Linear Transformations of Objects in the Plane | |
| 6.26.5. | Dilations and Reflections as Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.6. | Shear and Stretch as Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.7. | Right-Angle Rotations as Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.8. | Rotations as Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.9. | Combining Linear Transformations Using 2x2 Matrices | |
| 6.26.10. | Inverting Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.11. | Area Scale Factors of Linear Transformations | |
| 6.26.12. | Singular Linear Transformations in the Plane |
| 7.27.1. | Introduction to Ellipses | |
| 7.27.2. | Equations of Ellipses Centered at the Origin | |
| 7.27.3. | Equations of Ellipses Centered at a General Point | |
| 7.27.4. | Finding the Center and Axes of Ellipses by Completing the Square | |
| 7.27.5. | Finding Intercepts of Ellipses | |
| 7.27.6. | Finding Intersections of Ellipses and Lines | |
| 7.27.7. | Foci of Ellipses | |
| 7.27.8. | Vertices and Eccentricity of Ellipses | |
| 7.27.9. | Directrices of Ellipses | |
| 7.27.10. | The Area of an Ellipse |
| 7.28.1. | Equations of Hyperbolas Centered at the Origin | |
| 7.28.2. | Equations of Hyperbolas Centered at a General Point | |
| 7.28.3. | Asymptotes of Hyperbolas Centered at the Origin | |
| 7.28.4. | Asymptotes of Hyperbolas Centered at a General Point | |
| 7.28.5. | Finding Intercepts and Intersections of Hyperbolas | |
| 7.28.6. | Transverse Axes of Hyperbolas | |
| 7.28.7. | Conjugate Axes of Hyperbolas | |
| 7.28.8. | Foci of Hyperbolas | |
| 7.28.9. | Eccentricity and Vertices of Hyperbolas | |
| 7.28.10. | Directrices of Hyperbolas |
| 8.29.1. | Graphing Curves Defined Parametrically | |
| 8.29.2. | Cartesian Equations of Parametric Curves | |
| 8.29.3. | Finding Intercepts of Curves Defined Parametrically | |
| 8.29.4. | Finding Intersections of Parametric Curves and Lines | |
| 8.29.5. | Parametric Equations of Circles | |
| 8.29.6. | Parametric Equations of Ellipses | |
| 8.29.7. | Parametric Equations of Parabolas | |
| 8.29.8. | Parametric Equations of Parabolas Centered at (h,k) | |
| 8.29.9. | Parametric Equations of Horizontal Hyperbolas | |
| 8.29.10. | Parametric Equations of Vertical Hyperbolas |
| 9.30.1. | Introduction to Polar Coordinates | |
| 9.30.2. | Converting from Polar Coordinates to Cartesian Coordinates | |
| 9.30.3. | Polar Equations of Circles Centered at the Origin | |
| 9.30.4. | Polar Equations of Radial Lines | |
| 9.30.5. | Polar Equations of Circles Centered on the Coordinate Axes | |
| 9.30.6. | Finding Intersections of Polar Curves |
| 10.31.1. | The Complex Plane | |
| 10.31.2. | The Magnitude of a Complex Number | |
| 10.31.3. | The Argument of a Complex Number | |
| 10.31.4. | Arithmetic in the Complex Plane | |
| 10.31.5. | Geometry in the Complex Plane |
| 10.32.1. | The Complex Conjugate | |
| 10.32.2. | Special Properties of the Complex Conjugate | |
| 10.32.3. | The Complex Conjugate and the Roots of a Quadratic Equation | |
| 10.32.4. | Dividing Complex Numbers | |
| 10.32.5. | Solving Equations by Equating Real and Imaginary Parts | |
| 10.32.6. | Extending Polynomial Identities to the Complex Numbers |
| 10.33.1. | The Polar Form of a Complex Number | |
| 10.33.2. | Products of Complex Numbers Expressed in Polar Form | |
| 10.33.3. | Quotients of Complex Numbers Expressed in Polar Form | |
| 10.33.4. | The CIS Notation |
| 10.34.1. | De Moivre's Theorem | |
| 10.34.2. | Finding Powers of Complex Numbers Using De Moivre's Theorem | |
| 10.34.3. | The Power-Reducing Formulas for Sine and Cosine | |
| 10.34.4. | Euler's Formula | |
| 10.34.5. | The Roots of Unity | |
| 10.34.6. | Properties of Roots of Unity | |
| 10.34.7. | Square Roots of Complex Numbers | |
| 10.34.8. | Higher Roots of Complex Numbers |
| 10.35.1. | The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra for Quadratic Equations | |
| 10.35.2. | The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra with Cubic Equations | |
| 10.35.3. | Solving Cubic Equations With Complex Roots | |
| 10.35.4. | The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra with Quartic Equations | |
| 10.35.5. | Solving Quartic Equations With Complex Roots |
| 11.36.1. | Sets | |
| 11.36.2. | Probability From Experimental Data | |
| 11.36.3. | Sample Spaces and Events in Probability | |
| 11.36.4. | Single Events in Probability | |
| 11.36.5. | The Complement of an Event | |
| 11.36.6. | Venn Diagrams in Probability | |
| 11.36.7. | Geometric Probability |
| 11.37.1. | The Union of Sets | |
| 11.37.2. | The Intersection of Sets | |
| 11.37.3. | Compound Events in Probability From Experimental Data | |
| 11.37.4. | Computing Probabilities for Compound Events Using Venn Diagrams | |
| 11.37.5. | Computing Probabilities of Events Containing Complements Using Venn Diagrams | |
| 11.37.6. | Computing Probabilities for Three Events Using Venn Diagrams | |
| 11.37.7. | The Addition Law of Probability | |
| 11.37.8. | Applying the Addition Law With Event Complements | |
| 11.37.9. | Mutually Exclusive Events |
| 11.38.1. | Conditional Probabilities From Venn Diagrams | |
| 11.38.2. | Conditional Probabilities From Tables | |
| 11.38.3. | The Multiplication Law for Conditional Probability | |
| 11.38.4. | The Law of Total Probability | |
| 11.38.5. | Tree Diagrams for Dependent Events | |
| 11.38.6. | Tree Diagrams for Dependent Events: Applications | |
| 11.38.7. | Independent Events | |
| 11.38.8. | Tree Diagrams for Independent Events |
| 11.39.1. | Probability Mass Functions of Discrete Random Variables | |
| 11.39.2. | Cumulative Distribution Functions for Discrete Random Variables | |
| 11.39.3. | Expected Values of Discrete Random Variables | |
| 11.39.4. | The Binomial Distribution | |
| 11.39.5. | Modeling With the Binomial Distribution | |
| 11.39.6. | The Geometric Distribution | |
| 11.39.7. | Modeling With the Geometric Distribution |
| 11.40.1. | The Standard Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.2. | Symmetry Properties of the Standard Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.3. | The Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.4. | Mean and Variance of the Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.5. | Percentage Points of the Standard Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.6. | Modeling With the Normal Distribution | |
| 11.40.7. | The Empirical Rule for the Normal Distribution |
| 11.41.1. | The Rule of Sum and the Rule of Product | |
| 11.41.2. | Factorials | |
| 11.41.3. | Factorials in Variable Expressions | |
| 11.41.4. | Ordering Objects | |
| 11.41.5. | Permutations | |
| 11.41.6. | Combinations | |
| 11.41.7. | Computing Probabilities Using Combinatorics |
| 12.42.1. | Sampling | |
| 12.42.2. | The Mean of a Data Set | |
| 12.42.3. | Variance and Standard Deviation | |
| 12.42.4. | Covariance | |
| 12.42.5. | The Z-Score |
| 12.43.1. | Scatter Plots | |
| 12.43.2. | Trend Lines | |
| 12.43.3. | Making Predictions Using Trend Lines | |
| 12.43.4. | Interpreting Coefficients of Trend Lines | |
| 12.43.5. | Linear Correlation | |
| 12.43.6. | Residuals and Residual Plots | |
| 12.43.7. | The Linear Correlation Coefficient | |
| 12.43.8. | Correlation vs. Causation |
| 12.44.1. | Selecting a Regression Model | |
| 12.44.2. | Linear Regression | |
| 12.44.3. | Quadratic Regression | |
| 12.44.4. | Semi-Log Scatter Plots | |
| 12.44.5. | Exponential Regression |
